防抖

防抖的原理就是：你尽管触发事件，但是我一定在事件触发 n 秒后才执行，如果你在一个事件触发的 n 秒内又触发了这个事件，那我就以新的事件的时间为准，n 秒后才执行，总之，就是要等你触发完事件 n 秒内不再触发事件，我才执行，真是任性呐!

function debounce(func, wait, immediate) {

    var timeout, result;

    var debounced = function () {
        var context = this;
        var args = arguments;

        if (timeout) clearTimeout(timeout);
        if (immediate) {
            // 如果已经执行过，不再执行
            var callNow = !timeout;
            timeout = setTimeout(function(){
                timeout = null;
            }, wait)
            if (callNow) result = func.apply(context, args)
        }
        else {
            timeout = setTimeout(function(){
                func.apply(context, args)
            }, wait);
        }
        return result;
    };

    debounced.cancel = function() {
        clearTimeout(timeout);
        timeout = null;
    };

    return debounced;
}

栗子：

var count = 1;
var container = document.getElementById('container');

function getUserAction(e) {
    container.innerHTML = count++;
};

var setUseAction = debounce(getUserAction, 10000, true);

container.onmousemove = setUseAction;

document.getElementById("button").addEventListener('click', function(){
    setUseAction.cancel();
})

节流

如果你持续触发事件，每隔一段时间，只执行一次事件。

 
var count = 1;
var container = document.getElementById('container');

function getUserAction() {
    container.innerHTML = count++;
};

var setUseAction = throttle(getUserAction, 10000);

container.onmousemove = setUseAction

document.getElementById("button").addEventListener('click', function(){
    setUseAction.cancel();
})

function throttle(func, wait, options) {
    var timeout, context, args, result;
    var previous = 0;
    if (!options) options = {};

    var later = function() {
        previous = options.leading === false ? 0 : new Date().getTime();
        timeout = null;
        func.apply(context, args);
        if (!timeout) context = args = null;
    };

    var throttled = function() {
        var now = new Date().getTime();
        if (!previous && options.leading === false) previous = now;
        var remaining = wait - (now - previous);
        context = this;
        args = arguments;
        if (remaining <= 0 || remaining > wait) {
            if (timeout) {
                clearTimeout(timeout);
                timeout = null;
            }
            previous = now;
            func.apply(context, args);
            if (!timeout) context = args = null;
        } else if (!timeout && options.trailing !== false) {
            timeout = setTimeout(later, remaining);
        }
    };

    throttled.cancel = function() {
        clearTimeout(timeout);
        previous = 0;
        timeout = null;
    };

    return throttled;
}